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COPPENSIA
(26 species; 1 unclear species)
Last modified onWednesday, 01-Jul-2009 13:25:05 EDT
Coppensia
Dumort., Mem. Ac. Brux. 9: 10 (1835).
Oncidium
Sw., Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 21: 239. (1800).
Oncidium sect. Synsepala Pfitzer,
Nat. Pflanzenfam. 2(6): 200 (1889).
Oncidium
sect. Verrucituberculata Lindl., Paxt. Fl. Gard. 1: 24 (1856).
Oncidium
sect. Oblongata Kraenzl., Pflanzenr. Heft 80: 224 (1922).
Oncidium
sect. Varicosa-euvaricosa Kraenzl., Pflanzenr. Heft 80: 160 (1922).
Ampliglossum Campacci, Colet.
de Orq. Bras, 3: 83-86 (2006).
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Note:
Coppensia species
can be epiphytic, geophytic or lithophytic. Some
few species presents
fusiform very compressed separate pseudobulbs on a long scandent
rhizome and the majority of species presents
slightly
compressed pseudobulbs on cespitous rhizome. Inflorescences can be arched or erect (long panicula or racemous).
Alliances have
been proposed based on morphology and affinity to facilitate the
correct
identification of species.
Most of species in this
gallery have additional pictures showing vegetative aspects, flower
segments analysis and other topics about anatomy and morphology of
flowers that
can be accessed on PHOTOSTUDY
link.
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1. Epiphytic
(7 species; 2 alliances; 1 complex)
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C.
flexuosa Alliance
(3 species; 1 complex)
Species
presenting separate pseudobulbs arranged on a long
scandent
rhizome; arched long inflorescence with apical panicle.
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Species usually presenting reddish, slightly compressed pseudobulbs; verrucose callus on the
lip without trichomaceous elaiophores.
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Coppensia
flexuosa Complex
(2 species)
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Species
presenting very compressed pseudobulbs; proximal callus of the lip
always hairy (with trichomaceous elaiophores).
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C.
bifolia Alliance
(5
species)
Species
presenting ovoid pseudobulbs slightly compressed arranged on cespitous
rhizome; arched long or short inflorescence with
apical panicle; verrucose callus and
also frequently digitiform ones
on the lip.
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C. viperina
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C. williamsii
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2. Geophytic or Lithophytic
(always humicolous)
(17 species; 3 Alliances; 3 Complexes)
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C.
ramosa Alliance
(7 species in only one
complex)
Robust
ovate
slightly compressed 2-3-4-foliate pseudobulbs;
always
multiflora
erect inflorescence with 10-15-branch apical panicle rachis
(60-150 flowers); verrucose callus and also frequently digitiform ones
on the lip.
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Coppensia
ramosa Complex
(7 species)
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C.
isoptera Alliance
(9 species; 1 complex)
Short,
medium or large
size ovate, slightly compressed, 2-3-foliate
pseudobulbs; erect or
slightly arched inflorescence with usually pauciflora raceme rachis
(10-16
flowers) or rarely 2-3-branch apical panicle rachis (20-30 flowers);
always
verrucose
callus on the lip.
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Coppensia
hydrophila Complex
(5 species)
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C. barbaceniae Alliance
(2 species; 1 complex)
Small
to medium size spherical or rarely
ovate-fusiform
2-3-foliate
pseudobulbs; erect or slightly arched inflorescence
with usually pauciflora raceme rachis (10-16
flowers) or rarely 2-3-branch apical panicle rachis (20-30 flowers); always
lamellate callus on the lip (without verrucose callus).
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Coppensia
barbaceniae Complex
(2 species in only one complex)
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3.
Species not clear (provisory accepted)
See note below
(1 species)
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C. pirarensis
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Note (by Americo Docha Neto)
Illustration of this species can be encountered in Krānlin's monograph, 1922 that has been reproduced here.
O.
pirarense Rchb.f. was originally published in Linnaea 22:
846-847 (1850) which description has been transcribed below.
We didn't see so far a Reichenbach's original illustration of this
species so, if there is no
mistake on Krānzlin's work, the illustration above has many similarities
with Oncidium orthosthates
Rdl. (Coppensia orthostates).
Analysing descriptions of both O.
pirarensis and O. orthostates
we can notice also a clear vegetative similarities besides congruent
geographical distribution of this two species.
These are the only two species of the group presenting short monofoliate
pseudobulbs allied
to a simple callus on the lip,
according Cogniaux's description on Flora
Brasiliensis vol. III pars VI, p. 402-404, 1906.
Pabst cited on Orchidaceae Brasilienses, p. 195 illustration and
species 2041 O. pirarense and
O.
montanum Barb. Rodr. as a synonym. We had the
opportunity to visit the original habitat of O. montanum, here in Poços
de Caldas, collecting new specimens where Barbosa Rodrigues encountered
originally O. montanum.
Comparing the author's original description and plate with the
specimens we collected, we noticed a clear congruency so we concluded
that O. montanum is a
completely different and valid species having lamellate callosities, so
we believe it was a Pabst's mistake.
Notice Coppensia barbaceniae
Alliance above and compare with Coppensia
orthostates.
Therefore, we suspect perhaps O. orthostates is
only a synonym of O. pirarense. In this case,
obeying date priority, O. pirarense
would be the valid nomenclature (Coppensia
pirarensis).
Original description:
"O.
(Heteranthium, Pentapetala, Micropetala) Pirarense pseudobulbis
ovalibus, minutis, foliis crassis, oblongis, acutis, parvis, p. ph.
supremo ovato, basi attenuato, lateralibus externis lanceolatis,
acutis, margine undulatis, ima basi coalitis, p. ph. i. subaequalibus,
lb. unguiculato, trilobo, lobis lateralibus oblongis, margine externo
retusis, lobo medio a basi angusta subito explanato, reniformi, antice
exciso, margine undulato, callo unico a basi labelli ad lobi medii
liberi basin, trilobo, lobis lateralibus angulatis, obtusis, medio
producto, ligulato, antice emarginato, alis gy. rhomboideis
obtusangulis, integris, ab angulis supremis prope ad basin
descendentibus.
Blüthenstengel
vielblüthig, Blüthen so gross, wie die des Oncidium
bicallosum, das durch Säule und Schwiele der Lippe un Blatt
völlig verschieden ist.
Englisches
Guiana bei Pirara. Rich. Schomburgk. 1842."
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